Bird field guide · Loons

Photographing the Red-throated Loon

How to photograph the Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata): the right lens for its size, shutter speeds for perched and moving animals, and when it's most often seen (January, February, March, April, November and December).

60–90 cm1/2000–1/3200 s
Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata)
Photo: © Matt Felperin, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Matt Felperin via iNaturalist
60–90 cm
Typical length (family range)
1/640 s
Shutter: perched / still
1/2000–1/3200 s
Shutter: action / flight
f/6.3–f/8
Aperture
9,972
Research-grade sightings in N. America
ModeManual + Auto ISOLock shutter & aperture, let ISO float
Shutter (still)1/640 s
Shutter (action)1/2000–1/3200 s
Aperturef/6.3–f/8
FocusAF-C + subject/eye detectionGet low to the water for an eye-level perspective; expose for bright plumage to avoid clipped whites.
DriveHigh-speed burst
Lens100–400 mmFull-frame equivalent

Focal length needed to frame it#

For a subject about 75 cm long filling a third or half of the frame width horizontally.

Distance⅓ of frame (FF)½ of frame (FF)⅓ of frame (APS-C)⅓ of frame (MFT)
5 m (16 ft)78 mm117 mm52 mm39 mm
10 m (33 ft)156 mm234 mm104 mm78 mm
15 m (49 ft)234 mm352 mm156 mm117 mm
20 m (66 ft)312 mm469 mm208 mm156 mm
30 m (98 ft)468 mm703 mm312 mm234 mm
50 m (164 ft)780 mm1,172 mm520 mm390 mm

When to find it#

Jan: 14% Jan Feb: 11% Feb Mar: 14% Mar Apr: 12% Apr May: 8% May Jun: 6% Jun Jul: 4% Jul Aug: 4% Aug Sep: 3% Sep Oct: 4% Oct Nov: 11% Nov Dec: 11% Dec
Share of iNaturalist observations by month across North America. Peak months: January, February, March, April, November and December.

About the Red-throated Loon#

The red-throated loon (North America) or red-throated diver (Britain and Ireland) (Gavia stellata) is a migratory aquatic bird found in the northern hemisphere. The most widely distributed member of the loon or diver family, it breeds primarily in Arctic regions, and winters in northern coastal waters. Ranging from 55 to 67 centimetres (22 to 26 in) in length, the red-throated loon is the smallest and lightest of the world's loons.

Summary adapted from Wikipedia via iNaturalist (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Field-craft tips#

  • Northern lakes in summer; respect nesting areas.
  • Get low to the water for an eye-level perspective; expose for bright plumage to avoid clipped whites.
  • Sightings peak in January, February, March, April, November and December, which is when you'll have the most chances.

Ethics#

  • The welfare of the animal comes first: if it changes its behaviour because of you, you are too close.
  • Stay on trails, respect closures around nests, leks, dens and haul-outs.
  • Avoid playback and baiting in sensitive seasons; never bait predators.
  • Don't share precise locations of rare, nesting or roosting animals publicly.

More Loons#

Frequently asked questions#

What lens do I need to photograph a Red-throated Loon?

At about 75 cm long, a red-throated loon fills a third of a full-frame image at 10 m with roughly 156 mm, or at 20 m with 312 mm.

What shutter speed should I use for a Red-throated Loon?

1/640 s when it's still; 1/2000–1/3200 s for action.

When is the best time to photograph a Red-throated Loon?

Observations in North America peak in January, February, March, April, November and December. Early morning and late afternoon give the best light and activity.

Sources & licences#

Last updated October 03, 2026 · How we calculate · Sources