Bird field guide · Loons

Photographing the Common Loon

How to photograph the Common Loon (Gavia immer): the right lens for its size, shutter speeds for perched and moving animals, and when it's most often seen (April, May and July).

60–90 cm1/2000–1/3200 s
Common Loon (Gavia immer)
Photo: © Matt Felperin, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Matt Felperin via iNaturalist
60–90 cm
Typical length (family range)
1/640 s
Shutter: perched / still
1/2000–1/3200 s
Shutter: action / flight
f/6.3–f/8
Aperture
61,615
Research-grade sightings in N. America
ModeManual + Auto ISOLock shutter & aperture, let ISO float
Shutter (still)1/640 s
Shutter (action)1/2000–1/3200 s
Aperturef/6.3–f/8
FocusAF-C + subject/eye detectionGet low to the water for an eye-level perspective; expose for bright plumage to avoid clipped whites.
DriveHigh-speed burst
Lens100–400 mmFull-frame equivalent

Focal length needed to frame it#

For a subject about 75 cm long filling a third or half of the frame width horizontally.

Distance⅓ of frame (FF)½ of frame (FF)⅓ of frame (APS-C)⅓ of frame (MFT)
5 m (16 ft)78 mm117 mm52 mm39 mm
10 m (33 ft)156 mm234 mm104 mm78 mm
15 m (49 ft)234 mm352 mm156 mm117 mm
20 m (66 ft)312 mm469 mm208 mm156 mm
30 m (98 ft)468 mm703 mm312 mm234 mm
50 m (164 ft)780 mm1,172 mm520 mm390 mm

When to find it#

Jan: 7% Jan Feb: 6% Feb Mar: 8% Mar Apr: 14% Apr May: 10% May Jun: 10% Jun Jul: 12% Jul Aug: 10% Aug Sep: 5% Sep Oct: 5% Oct Nov: 7% Nov Dec: 6% Dec
Share of iNaturalist observations by month across North America. Peak months: April, May and July.

About the Common Loon#

The common loon or great northern diver (Gavia immer) is a large member of the loon, or diver, family of birds. Breeding adults have a plumage that includes a broad black head and neck with a greenish, purplish, or bluish sheen, blackish or blackish-grey upperparts, and pure white underparts except some black on the undertail coverts and vent. Non-breeding adults are brownish with a dark neck and head marked with dark grey-brown.

Summary adapted from Wikipedia via iNaturalist (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Field-craft tips#

  • Northern lakes in summer; respect nesting areas.
  • Get low to the water for an eye-level perspective; expose for bright plumage to avoid clipped whites.
  • Sightings peak in April, May and July, which is when you'll have the most chances.

Ethics#

  • The welfare of the animal comes first: if it changes its behaviour because of you, you are too close.
  • Stay on trails, respect closures around nests, leks, dens and haul-outs.
  • Avoid playback and baiting in sensitive seasons; never bait predators.
  • Don't share precise locations of rare, nesting or roosting animals publicly.

More Loons#

Frequently asked questions#

What lens do I need to photograph a Common Loon?

At about 75 cm long, a common loon fills a third of a full-frame image at 10 m with roughly 156 mm, or at 20 m with 312 mm.

What shutter speed should I use for a Common Loon?

1/640 s when it's still; 1/2000–1/3200 s for action.

When is the best time to photograph a Common Loon?

Observations in North America peak in April, May and July. Early morning and late afternoon give the best light and activity.

Sources & licences#

Last updated October 03, 2026 · How we calculate · Sources

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