Bird field guide · Cardinals and Allies

Photographing the Indigo Bunting

How to photograph the Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea): the right lens for its size, shutter speeds for perched and moving animals, and when it's most often seen (May).

14–22 cm1/2500–1/3200 s
Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea)
Photo: © Gareth Rasberry, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) via iNaturalist
14–22 cm
Typical length (family range)
1/800 s
Shutter: perched / still
1/2500–1/3200 s
Shutter: action / flight
f/5.6–f/7.1
Aperture
55,343
Research-grade sightings in N. America
ModeManual + Auto ISOLock shutter & aperture, let ISO float
Shutter (still)1/800 s
Shutter (action)1/2500–1/3200 s
Aperturef/5.6–f/7.1
FocusAF-C + subject/eye detectionBird-eye AF with continuous focus (AF-C/AI Servo); fill at least a third of the frame.
DriveHigh-speed burst
Lens400–600 mmFull-frame equivalent

Focal length needed to frame it#

For a subject about 18 cm long filling a third or half of the frame width horizontally. Small birds demand long lenses and a close approach — a blind or feeder setup helps.

Distance⅓ of frame (FF)½ of frame (FF)⅓ of frame (APS-C)⅓ of frame (MFT)
5 m (16 ft)310 mm455 mm206 mm155 mm
10 m (33 ft)619 mm909 mm413 mm310 mm
15 m (49 ft)929 mm1,364 mm619 mm464 mm
20 m (66 ft)1,238 mm1,818 mm826 mm619 mm
30 m (98 ft)1,857 mm2,727 mm1,238 mm929 mm
50 m (164 ft)3,096 mm4,545 mm2,064 mm1,548 mm

When to find it#

Jan: 2% Jan Feb: 2% Feb Mar: 3% Mar Apr: 16% Apr May: 31% May Jun: 16% Jun Jul: 13% Jul Aug: 7% Aug Sep: 4% Sep Oct: 4% Oct Nov: 1% Nov Dec: 1% Dec
Share of iNaturalist observations by month across North America. Peak months: May.

About the Indigo Bunting#

The indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea) is a small seed-eating bird in the family Cardinalidae or cardinal. It is migratory, ranging from southern Canada to northern Florida during the breeding season, and from southern Florida to northern South America during the winter. It often migrates by night, using the stars to navigate.

Summary adapted from Wikipedia via iNaturalist (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Field-craft tips#

  • Red plumage clips easily — check the red channel histogram.
  • Bird-eye AF with continuous focus (AF-C/AI Servo); fill at least a third of the frame.
  • Sightings peak in May, which is when you'll have the most chances.

Ethics#

  • The welfare of the animal comes first: if it changes its behaviour because of you, you are too close.
  • Stay on trails, respect closures around nests, leks, dens and haul-outs.
  • Avoid playback and baiting in sensitive seasons; never bait predators.
  • Don't share precise locations of rare, nesting or roosting animals publicly.

More Cardinals and Allies#

Northern Cardinal Northern CardinalCardinalis cardinalis Rose-breasted Grosbeak Rose-breasted GrosbeakPheucticus ludovicianus Summer Tanager Summer TanagerPiranga rubra Painted BuntingPasserina ciris Western Tanager Western TanagerPiranga ludoviciana Black-headed Grosbeak Black-headed GrosbeakPheucticus melanocephalus Blue Grosbeak Blue GrosbeakPasserina caerulea Scarlet Tanager Scarlet TanagerPiranga olivacea

Frequently asked questions#

What lens do I need to photograph an Indigo Bunting?

At about 18 cm long, an indigo bunting fills a third of a full-frame image at 10 m with roughly 619 mm, or at 20 m with 1,238 mm.

What shutter speed should I use for an Indigo Bunting?

1/800 s when it's still; 1/2500–1/3200 s for action.

When is the best time to photograph a Indigo Bunting?

Observations in North America peak in May. Early morning and late afternoon give the best light and activity.

Sources & licences#

Last updated October 03, 2026 · How we calculate · Sources